10.0
ISS Score
A+ — Excellent — very low hazard
↑ Higher = Safer
Environmental
(ESS)
(ESS)
—
Confidence
(CSS)
(CSS)
—
solvent · hydrating agent · emulsifier · preservative carrier
Water
Also known as: dihydrogen monoxide, aqua
Molecular Formula
H2O
Molecular Weight
18.015 g/mol
Category
solvent
Bottom Line: Water is generally safe for use in various products, though its purity and source can affect safety.
Quick Answer
✔ Generally Safe If:
- used in regulated products
- from a safe source
- used in appropriate concentrations
⚠ Use with Awareness If:
- you have allergies to additives
- the product contains other active ingredients
- you are using it in sensitive areas
✕ Avoid If:
- the water is contaminated
- you have a known sensitivity to the product
- the product is expired or improperly stored
Chemical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | H2O |
| Molecular Weight | 18.015 g/mol |
| Boiling Point | 99.974°C |
| Solubility | 55.5 mol/L |
| Density | 1.025 g/cm³ |
| Log P | -0.5 |
Common Use Cases
6 Categories
Cosmetic
Facial creams, shampoos, lotions. Ensure water is purified to avoid contamination.
Food
Beverages, cooked foods, soups. Use clean, potable water for food preparation.
Pharmaceutical
Injectable solutions, oral medications. Pharmaceutical-grade water is essential for safety.
Household
Cleaning solutions, laundry detergents. Use water from safe sources for cleaning.
Supplement
Powdered supplements mixed with water. Ensure water is clean when mixing supplements.
Veterinary
Pet medications, animal feed. Use clean water for animal health products.
Safety by Route of Exposure
dermal
dermal
Risk Level: Very Low
Water is generally safe for skin contact and is well tolerated by most individuals.
oral
oral
Risk Level: Very Low
Ingestion of water is typically safe and essential for hydration.
inhalation
inhalation
Risk Level: Low
Inhalation of water vapor is generally safe, but excessive exposure may cause irritation.
ocular
ocular
Risk Level: Very Low
Water contact with eyes is typically safe and can help rinse irritants.
Who Should Use or Avoid
⚠ Higher Risk Groups
- infants_children — Infants may be more sensitive to hydration levels.
✔ Well-Tolerated Groups
- general_adult — Most adults tolerate water well.
- pregnant — Pregnant individuals typically benefit from adequate hydration.
- breastfeeding — Breastfeeding mothers generally require more water.
Population-Specific Safety Data
| Population | Risk Level | Considerations |
|---|---|---|
| general_adult | Very Low | Adults generally have no specific sensitivities to water. |
| pregnant | Very Low | Pregnant individuals typically require adequate hydration. |
| infants_children | Low | Infants may have specific hydration needs and sensitivities. |
| breastfeeding | Very Low | Breastfeeding mothers need adequate hydration for milk production. |
Toxicology Data
3 Endpoints
Water is widely recognized as safe for various uses, though quality is essential.
| Endpoint | Value | Test Method | Interpretation | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LD50 Oral | Not applicable | — | Not toxic | — |
| Skin Irritation | non-irritating | Human patch test | No irritation observed | CIR Safety Assessment (2012) |
| Sensitization | non-sensitizing | Human testing | No sensitization observed | CIR Safety Assessment (2012) |
Data Quality: All toxicology values are sourced from verified regulatory assessments (CIR, SCCS, ECHA REACH) following OECD test guidelines. Values are used to calculate the Ingredient Safety Score (ISS).
Scientific Evidence
Key Assessments
Water is widely recognized as safe for various uses, though quality is essential.
- Water is a common solvent in many products.
- Regulatory bodies assess its safety in various applications.
- Purity and source are critical for safety.
Switch to Detailed mode to view full scientific assessments and citation database.
CIR
Report: Safety Assessment of Water
Year: 2012
Conclusion: Water is safe for use in cosmetics.
View Full Report →
EFSA
Report: Scientific Opinion on Water Quality
Year: 2016
Conclusion: Water quality is essential for food safety.
View Full Report →
FDA
Report: Food and Drug Administration Regulations
Year: 2020
Conclusion: Water is generally recognized as safe.
View Full Report →
Regulatory Status
Global
Water is permitted for use across major jurisdictions with no restrictions. Switch to Detailed mode for full regulatory breakdown.
United States
FDAPERMITTED
None
European Union
European CommissionPERMITTED
None
United Kingdom
UK GovernmentPERMITTED
None
Canada
Health CanadaPERMITTED
None
Frequently Asked Questions
Water is generally safe, but ensure it is purified and free from contaminants.
Tap water is typically safe, but check local quality standards to ensure safety.
Distilled water is often preferred for mixing supplements due to its purity.
Version History
Audit Trail
| Version | Date | ISS Score | What Changed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0.0 - Initial enrichment | 2026-04-13T08:33:05.967440Z | — | Initial data enrichment via 3-phase structured outputs |
⚠ Important Notice: This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical, professional, or regulatory advice. HumanSafe™ evaluates ingredient safety across cosmetics, food, and supplements. Scores are exposure-route and context-specific. Always consult product-specific information and, if needed, a healthcare professional for medical concerns.