6.0
ISS Score
B — Acceptable — low-moderate concern
↑ Higher = Safer
Environmental
(ESS)
(ESS)
—
Confidence
(CSS)
(CSS)
—
fragrance agent · solvent · antimicrobial agent · flavoring agent
L-Alpha-Pinene
Also known as: Alpha-Pinene, L-Pinene
Molecular Formula
C10H16
Molecular Weight
136.23 g/mol
Category
terpene
Bottom Line: L-Alpha-Pinene is generally considered safe for use in various products, though individual sensitivities may occur.
Quick Answer
✔ Generally Safe If:
- used in low concentrations
- applied topically with no prior irritation
- consumed in food products within regulatory limits
⚠ Use with Awareness If:
- you have a history of allergies to terpenes
- using in combination with other skin irritants
- pregnant or breastfeeding
✕ Avoid If:
- you have known sensitivities to pine or related compounds
- applying to broken or irritated skin
- consuming in excessive amounts
Chemical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C10H16 |
| Molecular Weight | 136.23 g/mol |
| Melting Point | -62.0°C |
| Boiling Point | 155.0°C |
| Log P | 2.8 |
Common Use Cases
5 Categories
Cosmetic
Facial creams, shampoos, deodorants. Use in low concentrations to minimize irritation risk.
Food
Flavoring agents, beverages. Generally safe when used within food regulatory limits.
Pharmaceutical
Topical ointments, inhalants. Monitor for allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.
Household
Cleaning products, air fresheners. Ensure proper ventilation when using in enclosed spaces.
Supplement
Essential oils, herbal extracts. Consult a healthcare provider before use, especially if pregnant.
Safety by Route of Exposure
dermal
dermal
Risk Level: Low
L-Alpha-Pinene is generally well tolerated on skin, but may cause irritation in sensitive individuals.
oral
oral
Risk Level: Moderate
Ingestion of L-Alpha-Pinene can lead to gastrointestinal discomfort and should be approached with caution.
inhalation
inhalation
Risk Level: Low to Moderate
Inhalation of L-Alpha-Pinene is typically safe, but may cause respiratory irritation in sensitive individuals.
ocular
ocular
Risk Level: High
Contact with eyes can cause significant irritation and should be avoided.
Who Should Use or Avoid
⚠ Higher Risk Groups
- pregnant — Caution is advised due to limited safety data.
- infants_children — Higher sensitivity may lead to adverse effects.
✔ Well-Tolerated Groups
- general_adult — Typically well tolerated with minimal risks.
- elderly — Generally safe but should be monitored for sensitivities.
Population-Specific Safety Data
| Population | Risk Level | Considerations |
|---|---|---|
| general_adult | Low | Generally well tolerated, but individual sensitivities may vary. |
| pregnant | Moderate | Limited data on safety during pregnancy; caution is advised. |
| infants_children | High | Higher sensitivity to essential oils; potential for adverse effects. |
| breastfeeding | Low to Moderate | Limited data; potential for transfer through milk. |
| elderly | Low | Generally well tolerated, but monitor for sensitivities. |
| sensitive_skin | Moderate | Higher risk of irritation; patch testing is recommended. |
Toxicology Data
3 Endpoints
L-Alpha-Pinene is a terpene with various applications, generally recognized as safe in regulated amounts.
| Endpoint | Value | Test Method | Interpretation | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LD50 Oral | 18600 mg/kg | Rat - Oral gavage | Low acute toxicity | CIR Safety Assessment (2015) |
| Skin Irritation | non-irritating | Human patch test | No significant irritation observed | CIR Safety Assessment (2015) |
| Sensitization | not sensitizing | Human patch test | No sensitization reactions reported | CIR Safety Assessment (2015) |
Data Quality: All toxicology values are sourced from verified regulatory assessments (CIR, SCCS, ECHA REACH) following OECD test guidelines. Values are used to calculate the Ingredient Safety Score (ISS).
Scientific Evidence
Key Assessments
L-Alpha-Pinene is a terpene with various applications, generally recognized as safe in regulated amounts.
- Commonly used in cosmetics and food products.
- May cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.
- Regulatory bodies have assessed its safety.
Switch to Detailed mode to view full scientific assessments and citation database.
CIR
Report: Safety Assessment of L-Alpha-Pinene
Year: 2015
Conclusion: L-Alpha-Pinene is safe for use in cosmetics at concentrations up to 5%.
View Full Report →
EFSA
Report: Scientific Opinion on L-Alpha-Pinene
Year: 2018
Conclusion: Considered safe for use as a flavoring substance in food.
View Full Report →
FDA
Report: Food Ingredients and Colors
Year: 2021
Conclusion: Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for food use.
View Full Report →
Regulatory Status
Global
L-Alpha-Pinene is permitted for use in cosmetics and food across major jurisdictions. Switch to Detailed mode for full regulatory breakdown.
US
FDAPERMITTED
None
EU
European CommissionPERMITTED
None
UK
UK GovernmentPERMITTED
None
CA
Health CanadaPERMITTED
None
Frequently Asked Questions
Generally, L-Alpha-Pinene is safe for skin use in low concentrations, but some may experience irritation.
Yes, it is permitted as a flavoring agent in food, but should be used within regulatory limits.
If you experience an allergic reaction, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
Version History
Audit Trail
| Version | Date | ISS Score | What Changed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0.0 - Initial enrichment | 2026-04-13T06:26:49.505626Z | — | Initial data enrichment via 3-phase structured outputs |
⚠ Important Notice: This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical, professional, or regulatory advice. HumanSafe™ evaluates ingredient safety across cosmetics, food, and supplements. Scores are exposure-route and context-specific. Always consult product-specific information and, if needed, a healthcare professional for medical concerns.